I started this blog to educate members of the fire service as to what it REALLY means to be a safe, aggressive, fundamentally sound and efficient firefighter.  The interaction of all these principles is equally as important as any one by itself.  Of each of these, the principle of being aggressive seems to be the black sheep that no one really wants to talk about due to its “stigma”.

If you are not willing to aggressively perform ALL of the tasks necessary to extinguish a fire, then you are, or will be, lacking in the other three principles.

In our business, being aggressive reflects confidence in your abilities and those of your crew(s). There are, however, conditions to being an aggressive firefighter/crew. Lack of adherence to these conditions results in the actions of the ignorant and foolish and THIS is what causes firefighter injuries and deaths. This ignorance, disguised as being brave and aggressive is what gives the term “aggressive” its stigma.

To be truly aggressive at a fire, you have to:

• Know and understand ALL equipment on your rig
• Know and understand your role on the fireground
• Know and understand ALL types of building construction
• Know and understand how to “read smoke”
• Understand the effects of fire on roof and floor systems
• Size-up the building and fire conditions BEFORE making tactical decisions (regardless of rank)
• Fully understand the principles of BTU vs. GPM
• Understand what aggressive AND coordinated ventilation means
• Realize that ladders are for US also
• Realize that a fire is not out until we put it out
• Realize that a building is not clear until we clear it
• Have adequate resources on scene to execute “Plan B”
• Be able do ALL of these things at EVERY fire!

If you, as a firefighter, fire officer and/or command officer can account for all of the above, then your decisions will be educated and your risks will be managed.  However, if you cannot, then you may be flirting with disaster.  Will you be aggressive…or ignorant?

Thanks and Be SAFE.

I try to read as many close call and LODD reports that I can cram into my schedule, but the one “report” that has influenced EVERY aspect of my career as a fireman came from my dad.  If anyone wonders, or has ever wondered, why I think, act, talk, teach and fight fire the way that I do…THIS IS WHY!

I first heard his account of this event when I was a fire explorer for Indy Fire Department.  He told the story to our group when asked about his “scariest” experience as a firefighter.  I asked him to retell his story for this post:

Back in the early 80′s, he responded to a fire at the Howard Johnson Hotel on the East side of Indianapolis.  Upon arrival, he was assigned fire attack with another firefighter.  They knew they had a working fire but were unsure of the fire’s location, so they had to go in and search for it.  They stretched a preconnected 150’ and made entry.  Their search for the fire led them into the amenities area of the hotel (conference rooms, pool, sauna, etc.).  According to my dad, conditions were not bad at all, with low heat and visibility about 2 –3 feet off of the floor (NOTE: PPE of the day was hip boots and NO flash hoods, so low heat meant low heat).

As they continued their search through the winding hallways toward the saunas, conditions remained about the same.  Performing a oriented-style search, my dad, searching from behind the nozzleman, searched into a bathroom area then returned to the line.  Just past this point, they discovered that they were out of line.

They radioed for more hose and/or an additional line to be brought in and they held their position.  As they held, flames began to flicker through the overhead smoke.  Despite the visibility and lack of heat, they recognized this as a sign of flashover and penciled the ceiling to control the conditions and cool the upper atmosphere.

He says that when they penciled through the smoke, a commonly taught pre-flashover nozzle tactic, it was like spraying gasoline onto the fire, only up to that point they had not seen any fire.  He says the entire area lit up instantly and violently, “like a bomb went off,” as he described it.  He reacted by burying himself facedown on the floor, his partner setting the nozzle to wide fog and spraying it above him as a water curtain.  It worked and they were able “ride out” the event.

In the scramble, my dad had become separated from the hoseline.  He quickly found a wall and followed it to where he thought was the way out.  As he slammed into a wall in front of him, he left a perfect imprint of his helmet in the sheetrock and, simultaneously realized that he was back in the bathroom that he had previously searched.  Reversing his direction on the wall he made his way back out to the hallway where he found his partner still on the line.  The two of them made their hasty exit as “everything was burning and falling down around them.”

Once they were close to the building’s exit, they were found and dragged the rest of the way by the “rescue team” (an impromptu RIC) sent in to get them.  My dad, his partner and the crew from the second line, who had almost made their way to my dad’s crew, were all transported, treated and released with burns around the neck and head (no hoods).

My dad was told by other firefighters on the scene that, from the outside, all they saw was a fireball.  My mom, listening to the scanner in our kitchen, heard the radio traffic for the explosion, the Mayday and the lost firefighters.  Knowing my dad would be one of them, my mom went to scene, arriving as he was being pulled out of the building.

The cause of the fire was determined to be faulty wiring in the sauna.   The conditions, and subsequent fire event that my dad’s crew encountered were attributed to building layout and construction features.  The sauna area had no windows and only one door that sealed shut.  The heat and smoke that they encountered throughout their search was dormant smoke from the fire that had consumed all of the fuel in the room.  However, heat and smoke had collected above the acoustic ceiling tiles, but did not have enough air, or an ignition source, to fully burn.  As a result of this, when the flameover occurred below the ceiling tiles and the nozzleman directed the stream into the upper atmosphere, dislodging the ceiling tiles, he unknowingly introduced both air and an ignition source to the area above the ceiling tiles, causing the event.  My dad finally described the events as “causing a backdraft by trying to prevent a flashover.”

The lessons that my dad learned and shared with me include:

• The importance of wearing all of your PPE properly
• The importance of realistic, hands-on, fire tactic training
• Training on life-saving tactics to the point that they are instinct
• Maintaining situational awareness, even during fireground emergencies
• The importance of a formal and disciplined Incident Commander
• The importance of disciplined crews
• The importance of training and continuing education in general, but especially building construction

Throughout my career, and especially now as an instructor, these lessons have echoed in my mind.  During that HoJo fire, despite everyone doing their job in an organized and disciplined manner, things still went wrong.  However, because everyone remained organized and disciplined, the outcome was positive.

Firefighting is inherently dangerous.  Despite this, mastering the fundamentals, learning your craft and staying current on technology, strategy and tactics can, and will, save your life.

Thanks and Be SAFE.

It’s March, which means that the NCAA Basketball Championships are happening.  Like most, this year has been full of surprise wins, surprise losses and surprise teams. Every year, flashy, marquis teams are sent home by teams from small schools that play hard-nosed and fundamental basketball. Because I relate everything to firefighting, it occurred to me that there are lessons to be learned from these teams that can be applied to our profession and personnel.

Someone once asked me if I would rather be, ” a great player on an average team, or an average player on a great team.”

The problem with average teams with great players is that, if you take away the great player, you lose.  The success of the team depends solely on the performance of an individual (or very small group of people).  You are in trouble if any of the “great” players have a bad day or are not there.  Not an ideal position to be in.

Oppositely, if you are an average player on a great team, the recipe for success could have many different ingredients.  For example, you may be a great player surrounded by other great players.  You may also have a group of average players who know and understand their role within the team, making it very effective and successful.  Either one, or a combination, of these is a good example of what a fire company should strive to be.

I relate this to urban/metro fire department versus suburban/rural fire departments.  Urban departments often get the repetition (fire action) to become great players.  Sometimes, their staffing allows them to specialize and truly hone their knowledge and skills.  Meanwhile, suburban departments may have to take on a “jack of all trades” approach.  There is nothing wrong with either of these scenarios.  Things are what they are, however what is important is identifying what type of “team” you have and clearly identifying and understanding everyone’s role.

One of the most important things, for any fire company, First Alarm Assignment and department is for everyone to know each other’s role and how it fits into the big picture.  Whether you are the first Engine arriving with five members or three or the second Truck with four or two members, everyone needs to know what’s going on and what needs to be done.  Whether it’s a basketball team or a fire crew, their ability to know and execute the game plan is vital to their success, and for us…safety.

I originally found out about this show from www.firecritic.com.  If anyone has watched “The Academy: Orange County Fire”, it should be required viewing for EVERYONE in the fire service.  I have a special interest in it because the OVM on my Truck (and my former roommate) used to be a Reserve Firefighter with the OCFA.  If you care about this job (if  you “get it”) and truly believe in the mission of the fire service to SERVE the public, then you will truly appreciate the efforts Captain Contreras and the Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA) cadre.

Throughout their academy, they talk about ATTENTION TO DETAIL and PROFESSIONALISM as well as other traits that seem to be fading away in the “web-based fire training world”.  In my opinion, because these traits are instilled so passionately and relentlessly during their Recruit School, it lays the foundation for the OCFA culture and speaks volumes about the level of service provided to the citizens of Orange County, California.

It is a breath of fresh air to see a department/organization that truly takes its responsibility seriously.  Remember, it is our DUTY to SERVE the public and PROTECT lives and property.  Whether you get a paycheck or not does not matter.  What matters is that when the alarm sounds, and you leave the firehouse, that you are ready to go to work with ATTENTION TO DETAIL and PROFESSIONALISM.

Watch it by yourself or at the firehouse with your crew at www.foxreality.com/theacademy or at hulu.com.

Thanks and Be Safe

Being able to teach firefighters from throughout the state gives me the opportunity to listen to, and have discussions with, people from departments of all sizes and demographics.  I try to draw from the positive information and purge the negative comments.  However, one of the most frustrating comments that I hear from firefighters while discussing strategy and tactics is “we can’t do that stuff like those big departments.” Usually, they are referring to things like truck work, rapid intervention and having seemingly endless resources.  However, these are usually excuses used to shield themselves from new ideas.  Strategy and tactics are based more on decision making  and skill proficiency than equipment and manpower.  The size of your department does NOT matter!

The first five minutes of any fire are the most critical. More so, the decisions and actions of the first arriving unit(s) determine the success of the operations.  If your first arriving unit is staffed with three firefighters (because that’s farfetched), their ability to assess the situation, determine what needs to be done and begin doing it will have a greater affect on the outcome than six units on scene with no direction.

If  your department has fewer resources, having the right attitude, leadership and management may establish a culture of superior firefighting that compensates for its lack of size with intelligent decisions and aggressive and properly executed tactics.  Some suburban and rural departments may be fairly strong with their First Alarm assignment but may have extended response times and/or rely on mutual aid beyond that.  In a case like this, even an advanced single family dwelling fire should be easily manageable, however it is vital for the initial units to be able to work together as well as be proficient as individual crews.  This could mean the difference between a solid First Alarm stop and a 2nd Alarm or greater catastrophe.

The late Tom Brennan said,“I don’t want to do anything (task) first. I want to do seven things all at once.” While this should be a the attitude of any firefighter, officer or Incident Commander, with limited resources you may have prioritize those tasks. For example, at a residence fire you have people trapped with fire showing from one window, since you know where the fire is but not the victims, you may choose to remove the problem by extinguishing the fire.  However, if you have people trapped with only smoke showing, since you don’t know where the fire is,  you may opt to prioritize a search and/or ventilation.  Ideally, you want to carry out fire attack, search and ventilation simultaneously. If  you are the first arriving unit with distant or no backup, you may be forced to make some difficult decisions.

When a fire happens, it is not the public’s concern how many firefighters show up.  All they know is that there is a fire with entrapment and they expect us to show up, save lives and put the fire out.  Period.  If we show up and perform proficiently and professionally, we can maintain a positive relationship with the public.  The public want results, not excuses.  When the bell rings, and its time to go to work, remember that size doesn’t matter.